31Jan
Electricity is a form of energy involving the flow of electrons. All matter is made up of atoms, and an atom has a center, called a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and uncharged particles called neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons. The negative charge of an electron is equal to the positive charge of a proton, and the number of electrons in an atom is usually equal to the number of protons. When the balancing force between protons and electrons is upset by an outside force, an atom may gain or lose an electron. When electrons are “lost” from an atom, the free movement of these electrons constitutes an electric current.
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned water wheels to perform work. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Beginning with Benjamin Franklin’s experiment with a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia, the principles of electricity gradually became understood. In the mid-1800s, everyone’s life changed with the invention of the electric light bulb. Prior to 1879, electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. The lightbulb’s invention used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes.
15Jan
While seemingly archaic in a world of gigahertz and nanocircuits, the lowly laptop battery hasn’t just survived into the modern digital age, it powers it. All of today’s favorite electronic tools and toys–digital cameras, MP3 players, PDAs, and notebook computers–have one or more batteries buried inside.
But today’s batteries aren’t your grandfather’s dry cells. Just as the battery powers modern digital electronics, the needs of the latest circuits are dictating the direction of battery development. The big effort among modern battery-makers is to find ways of packing battery power into ever-smaller packages that enable electronics manufacturer to continue their drive for miniaturization.
The latest innovations in battery design are all aimed at matching the needs of today’s digital devices. Digital cameras, color PDAs, and MP3 players simply don’t work like flashlights and transistor radios of days gone by. They demand intense surges of current to blast their strobes, light their screens, and thump their bass. Batteries made from old designs quickly succumbed to the extreme current demands. The latest cells, although crafted using chemical systems first put to work over a century ago, meet the need thanks to new processes and materials–along with years of development.
If any breakthrough looms on the horizon, it’s the ace btp-63d1 battery,acer laptop battery- like power system that’s not really a battery–the fuel cell. For decades, fuel cells have percolated on the edges of awareness for engineers and scientists. They were mere curiosities that created power via chemical methods more efficiently than any other means. But they were too exotic and expensive (and big) to be considered for consumer applications. In the next few years, however, several manufacturers hope to have you toting fuel cell-power computers and cell phones that will run all day–or several days–without recharging or attention.
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